What is Primary Literature?
In the sciences, primary literature presents the original research and/or new scientific discoveries. It often includes analysis of data collected in the field/laboratory.
Examples of primary sources are:
- Journal articles
- Technical reports
- Thesis & dissertations
- Conference papers and proceedings
- Patents
- Lab or field notes (this may not be published)
- Specimens
How to identify primary literature in the sciences
Primary literature is mostly published as peer-review journal articles. However, this doesn't mean all journal articles are primary sources. Primary articles will describe one consistent research project or study. Primary literature will follow common components in the article, that includes:
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Methods/Materials
- Results
- Discussions
- Conclusion
- References
Secondary literature, on the other hand, consists of interpretations and evaluations that derived from or refer to the primary literature, such as systematic reviews or meta-analysis.